Chalukyan architecture is a combination of nagara and dravida and hence. Advanced masters in struc tural analysis of monuments and historical constructions iv. Jun 26, 2015 the dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south. On the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style.
Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india. It is dotted with several important rockcut and freestanding structural temples mostly made in the seventh and eighth. Temple architecture in india ncert notes most of the art and architectural remains that survive from ancient and medieval india are religious in nature. Module 3 dravidian religious architecture architectural. This article deals with architecture, temple design, and art in the cities of the dasyus, it is to be observed that in the brahmanical law books, which. Dravida temple architecture origin and development. It had emerged in these parts of india thousand years ago and was patronized by the pallava, pandava, nayakkar, chola, chalukya, hoysalas, rashtrakuta s and.
Unit iv temple architecture southern india brief history of. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple. In the last article, we have seen the broad outline of temple architecture styles in india nagara, dravida and vesara and chola architecture in particular. Oct 20, 2016 dravidian style temples consist almost invariably of the four following parts. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania. It is always square in plan and surmounted by a pyramidal roof of one or more stories. Dec 06, 2017 here i recall my journey not in the way i took it but how dravida style of temple architecture has developed. Pdf on jul 1, 2008, shweta vardia and others published building science of indian.
In this post, let us see the chalukya architecuture in detail. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam. Dravidian speakers form the majority of the population of south india and are natively found in india, pakistan, afghanistan, bangladesh, the maldives and sri lanka. Nayak madura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. In the dravidian style of architecture, the chief shrine of the temple as in the nagara style had the chief deity. However many historian agree that the vesara style originated in the what is today karnataka. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. So it is hard to find contrasting features between these styles. Etymologically, the term vesara is believed to have been derived from the sanskrit word vishra meaning an area to take a long walk. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of. The finest examples of dravidian style south indian style are temples of tanjore, madurai, mahabalipuram, badami, pattadakal and kanchipuram. Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple. The style of temple architecture that became popular in.
In this article, you can read all about the indian temple architecture, its types and points to remember for the ias exam with respect to temple architecture. There is also usually an archway, which may be a free standing. The evolution of dravidian art and sculpture was primarily concentrated in south india. Dravidian people or dravidians are the present and past speakers of any of the dravidian languages. Vesara is a combination of these two temple styles. Figure 7 the division of a south indian temple into small houses. Several temples were built in this style in tamil nadu, but they were located in open space rather. The basic architectural diagram of the dravidian style is shown below. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples. Temple architecture in india ncert notes pdf download. There are around 245 million native speakers of dravidian languages. Jouveaudubreuil, gabriel 1917 dravidian architecture.
Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows. Shore temple the shore temple of mahabalipuram is a complex of three shrines with accessory mandapas, prakaraenclosures and gopura entrances. Gs art and culture temple architecture upsc preparation. These rathas carved out from hard granite and 9 in number, are important milestones in the development of dravidian temple architecture as they show the development of multistorey vimanas. Dravidian architecture in india art and culture for. These temples usually have gopurams, which are large towers over the entrances. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design layout.
The hindu temple consists of tall, slender, freestanding, beam. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures, info. The vesara style is also described in some texts as the central indian temple architecture style or deccan architecture. Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint. Jun 14, 2016 nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c.
This temple is in the panchayatana style of architecture where the main shrine is built on a rectangular plinth with four smaller subsidiary shrines at the four corners making it a total number of five shrines, hence the name, panchayatana. Dravidian style temples are characterized by yali pillars. Nov 26, 2015 some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. The dravidian architecture can mainly be seen through the temples. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form. Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint presentation. It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. He is the fittest to be called a blessed soul already while on the earth. Pdf building science of indian temple architecture researchgate. The biggest ratha was dharamraj ratha and smallest was draupadi ratha. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. The architecture is represented by monolithic rocks mandaps now became rathas which is a refined cave, famous for beauty. Narasimhavarman also introduced freestanding monolith rathas. Post sangam age, tamilakkam, which was more of a cultural identity than a geographical entity was the crucible of development of a fabulous style of temple architecture known as the dravida.
The biggest ratha was called as dharamraj rath and smallest one was called as draupadi rath. Module 3 dravidian free download as powerpoint presentation. The south indian hindu temple building design system on the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style k. Details of the dravidian style of temple architecture in india and its subtypes. Jul 05, 2018 in the history of temple architecture in india, one conspicuous phenomenon in the bhoj tal, or bhim tal, would have been the biggest hindu temple in theabstract. The annamalaiyar temple in thiruvannaamalai, tamil nadu. The dravidian style southern style of architecture can be classified into.
Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone, soapstone or granite. From the 12th century onwards it was seen that the temples were fortified with three square concentric walls and with gates on the four sides. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the dravidian peoples. Dharamraj rath is considered as precursor of dravidian style of temple making. The south indian hindu temple building design system. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. Ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. What are the features of temple architecture contrasted with. Accordingly, the vesara style contain elements of both dravida and nagara styles. Content very suitable for scholars interested in indian architecture. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal.
The dravidian style of architecture is the characteristic south indian style and is mainly found in the southern indian states of tamil nadu, karnataka, kerala, telangana, and andhra pradesh. For example, various substyles of nagara architecture are found vis vis odisha school, solanki school, and khajuraho school etc. The two other prominent styles are dravida and nagara. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania civil. Ad pandya broadly the classifications would be as follows. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style. Pallavan rock cut and structural temples chola development of the vimana shikhara. South india carried on the classical tradition of dravida style as transmitted by the pallava dynasty of rulers to the cholas of gangaikonda cholapuram i.
The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern india is known as nagara. Temples featuring dravida style architecture a brief description of the most important temples built by the pallava rulers that feature dravida style architecture is given as follows. It is common in this style to build an entire temple on a stone platform with steps leading up to it. The tall and curvilinear shikhara also corroborates this date. Nagara style was developed regionally each region manifesting its own particular qualities. Dravidian architecture was an architectural phrase that appeared in the south india. Vesara is a type of indian architecture primarily used in temples. The principal part, the temple itself, is called the vimana or vimanam. Under dravidian architecture, we have also seen the comparison between pallava and chola architecture.
South india aristocratically boasts the dravida style of architecture amidst the lofty temples and swaying shrines. Nov 14, 20 dravida style dravidian style of architecture the dravida style is characterized by a pyramid shaped tower consisting of progressively smaller storeys of small pavilions, a narrow throat and a dome on the top called the sikharam or the vimanam. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture architectural. Aug 11, 2016 vesara style is basically a fusion of nagara and dravida styles and not very defined. Aug 25, 2016 the indoaryan style prefers a tower with rounded top and curvilinear outline while the tower of the southern or dravidian style is usually in a shape of a rectangular truncated pyramid. At this stage the real structural development of temples. What is the difference between an indoaryan temple and a.
Dravidian temple architecture the dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. Get dravidian architecture pdf file for free on our ebook library. Jul 29, 2017 initially, mandap word used to indicate temple in dravidian style of architecture. You could say nagara and dravida styles merge into a new stylized form and the term vesara is ge. The author is unshakably determined to stand with truth, and with truth only for it is a doubtless form of the almighty. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers.
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